前言
考试在两周前就结束了,因为一直在填坑 XK-Java,所以一直没更新 PHP 微框架系列文章 2333,最近 XK-Java 也填的差不多了,后续打算把 XK-PHP 也适配到 Swoole,还有 XK-Blog 的坑还没填 ?。
什么是服务提供者(Provider)?
如果你写过 Laravel,那么你一定对 Provider 不陌生,服务提供者实现了将服务绑定到服务容器(IoC Container),并按需启动的功能。
在 Laravel 中,服务提供者是在 config/app.php
的配置文件中配置的:
<?php
return [
'providers' => [
/*
* Laravel Framework Service Providers...
*/
Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
/*
* Package Service Providers...
*/
/*
* Application Service Providers...
*/
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
// App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class
]
];
<?php
return [
'providers' => [
/*
* Laravel Framework Service Providers...
*/
Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
/*
* Package Service Providers...
*/
/*
* Application Service Providers...
*/
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
// App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class
]
];
这些服务提供者会在框架启动后将服务注册到服务容器上,如果你学过 Spring,那么就很好理解了,这些服务提供者就是用编码的方式来注册 Bean
、Component
等等,因为 PHP8 才开始支持注解,所以目前跑在 PHP7 的 Laravel 无法像 Spring 一样很方便的绑定服务实例。
光说肯定没法很好的理解,那么我们就来看一个简单的服务提供者吧:
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Cookie;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class CookieServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register the service provider.
*
* @return void
*/
public function register()
{
$this->app->singleton('cookie', function ($app) {
$config = $app->make('config')->get('session');
return (new CookieJar)->setDefaultPathAndDomain(
$config['path'], $config['domain'], $config['secure'], $config['same_site'] ?? null
);
});
}
}
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Cookie;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class CookieServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register the service provider.
*
* @return void
*/
public function register()
{
$this->app->singleton('cookie', function ($app) {
$config = $app->make('config')->get('session');
return (new CookieJar)->setDefaultPathAndDomain(
$config['path'], $config['domain'], $config['secure'], $config['same_site'] ?? null
);
});
}
}
这是 Laravel 用来注册 CookieJar
实例的服务提供者,可以看到在 register
方法中使用了 singleton
方法将一个的回调注册到了服务容器中,这样,当我们使用 $app->make('cookie')
的时候就可以取得 CookieJar
实例了。
当然服务提供者不止可以注册服务,还能在服务注册后启动实例,只要重写 boot
方法即可。
定义 Provider
了解了服务提供者,那么就可以开始编码了。
首先,我们需要定义 Provider
的接口和抽象类来规范 Provider
,如下:
<?php
namespace App\Contracts;
interface Provider
{
// 之所以只定义 register 方法是因为并不是每一个服务提供者都需要预加载(boot),当然你也可以在接口定义 boot 方法,然后在抽象类中提供一个无影响的实现
public function register(): void;
}
<?php
namespace App\Contracts;
interface Provider
{
// 之所以只定义 register 方法是因为并不是每一个服务提供者都需要预加载(boot),当然你也可以在接口定义 boot 方法,然后在抽象类中提供一个无影响的实现
public function register(): void;
}
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Application;
abstract class Provider implements \App\Contracts\Provider
{
/**
* @var Application
*/
protected $app;
/**
* @var bool
*/
public $booted = false;
public function __construct(Application $app)
{
$this->app = $app;
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Application;
abstract class Provider implements \App\Contracts\Provider
{
/**
* @var Application
*/
protected $app;
/**
* @var bool
*/
public $booted = false;
public function __construct(Application $app)
{
$this->app = $app;
}
}
可以看到 Provider
和 Bootstrap
其实差不多,所以这里就不对抽象类做说明了,具体请看 Bootstrap 篇。
编写 Provider
由于 Provider
数量众多,所以这里就不全部写了,只列举几个比较典型的。
CookieProvider
CookieProvider
是一个简单纯注册服务的 Provider
:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Http\CookieManager;
class CookieProvider extends Provider
{
public function register(): void
{
// 将 CookieManager 注册到服务容器
$this->app->singleton(CookieManager::class, null, 'cookie');
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Http\CookieManager;
class CookieProvider extends Provider
{
public function register(): void
{
// 将 CookieManager 注册到服务容器
$this->app->singleton(CookieManager::class, null, 'cookie');
}
}
RouteProvider
RouteProvider
在注册后还会提供预加载,即 boot
:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Kernel\RouteManager;
class RouteProvider extends Provider
{
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(RouteManager::class, null, 'route');
}
// 在所有服务容器注册完毕后,经 BootProvider 这个 Bootstrap 调用该方法来预加载服务
public function boot(): void
{
// 预加载就是在框架启动后立即实例化服务的功能
$this->app->make(RouteManager::class);
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Kernel\RouteManager;
class RouteProvider extends Provider
{
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(RouteManager::class, null, 'route');
}
// 在所有服务容器注册完毕后,经 BootProvider 这个 Bootstrap 调用该方法来预加载服务
public function boot(): void
{
// 预加载就是在框架启动后立即实例化服务的功能
$this->app->make(RouteManager::class);
}
}
AspectProvider
除了简单 Provider
,还有一些比较复杂的 Provider
,如 AspectProvider
:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Kernel\AspectManager;
use function array_keys;
use function config;
class AspectProvider extends Provider
{
/**
* @var string[]
*/
protected $aspects;
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(
AspectManager::class,
function () {
return new AspectManager($this->app);
},
'aspect.manager'
);
$this->aspects = config('aspect');
foreach (array_keys($this->aspects) as $aspect) {
$this->app->singleton($aspect, null);
}
}
public function boot(): void
{
/* @var AspectManager $manager */
$manager = $this->app->make(AspectManager::class);
foreach ($this->aspects as $aspect => $points) {
$manager->putPoint($points, $this->app->make($aspect));
}
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Kernel\AspectManager;
use function array_keys;
use function config;
class AspectProvider extends Provider
{
/**
* @var string[]
*/
protected $aspects;
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(
AspectManager::class,
function () {
return new AspectManager($this->app);
},
'aspect.manager'
);
$this->aspects = config('aspect');
foreach (array_keys($this->aspects) as $aspect) {
$this->app->singleton($aspect, null);
}
}
public function boot(): void
{
/* @var AspectManager $manager */
$manager = $this->app->make(AspectManager::class);
foreach ($this->aspects as $aspect => $points) {
$manager->putPoint($points, $this->app->make($aspect));
}
}
}
在 AspectProvider
中不止注册了 AspectManager
,还会读取配置文件将切面也加载进服务容器,同时在启动时把切面依次放入 AspectManager
。
加载 Provider
有了 Provider
,那么 Provider
是如何被创建和执行的呢?
在 Bootstrap
有两个 Provider
相关的 Bootstrap
,分别是 RegisterProviders
和 BootProviders
,上一篇文章只是简单介绍了这两个 Bootstrap
的功能,这里就详细的讲解一下。
<?php
namespace App\Bootstrap;
use App\Kernel\ProviderManager;
use function config;
class RegisterProviders extends Bootstrap
{
public function boot(): void
{
$this->app->setProviderManager(new ProviderManager($this->app));
$this->app->getProviderManager()->registers(config('app.providers'));
$this->app->instance(
ProviderManager::class,
$this->app->getProviderManager(),
'provider_manager'
);
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Bootstrap;
use App\Kernel\ProviderManager;
use function config;
class RegisterProviders extends Bootstrap
{
public function boot(): void
{
$this->app->setProviderManager(new ProviderManager($this->app));
$this->app->getProviderManager()->registers(config('app.providers'));
$this->app->instance(
ProviderManager::class,
$this->app->getProviderManager(),
'provider_manager'
);
}
}
然后我们看看 ProviderManager
:
<?php
namespace App\Kernel;
use App\Application;
use App\Providers\Provider;
use function array_map;
use function array_walk;
use function is_string;
use function method_exists;
class ProviderManager
{
/**
* @var Application
*/
protected $app;
/**
* @var Provider[]
*/
protected $providers;
public function __construct(Application $app)
{
$this->app = $app;
}
/**
* @param string|Provider $provider
* @return Provider|null
*/
public function getProvider($provider): ?Provider
{
if (is_string($provider)) {
return $this->providers[$provider] ?? null;
}
return $provider;
}
public function setProvider($name, $provider): void
{
$this->providers[$name] = $provider;
}
public function register($provider, $force = false): Provider
{
if (!$force && ($reg = $this->getProvider($provider)) !== null) {
return $reg;
}
if (is_string($provider)) {
$name = $provider;
$provider = new $provider($this->app);
$this->setProvider($name, $provider);
}
if (method_exists($provider, 'register')) {
$provider->register();
}
return $provider;
}
public function registers(array $providers): array
{
return array_map(function ($provider) {
return $this->register($provider);
}, $providers);
}
public function boot(): void
{
array_walk($this->providers, function (Provider $provider) {
if (!$provider->booted && method_exists($provider, 'boot')) {
$this->app->call('boot', [], $provider);
$provider->booted = true;
}
});
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Kernel;
use App\Application;
use App\Providers\Provider;
use function array_map;
use function array_walk;
use function is_string;
use function method_exists;
class ProviderManager
{
/**
* @var Application
*/
protected $app;
/**
* @var Provider[]
*/
protected $providers;
public function __construct(Application $app)
{
$this->app = $app;
}
/**
* @param string|Provider $provider
* @return Provider|null
*/
public function getProvider($provider): ?Provider
{
if (is_string($provider)) {
return $this->providers[$provider] ?? null;
}
return $provider;
}
public function setProvider($name, $provider): void
{
$this->providers[$name] = $provider;
}
public function register($provider, $force = false): Provider
{
if (!$force && ($reg = $this->getProvider($provider)) !== null) {
return $reg;
}
if (is_string($provider)) {
$name = $provider;
$provider = new $provider($this->app);
$this->setProvider($name, $provider);
}
if (method_exists($provider, 'register')) {
$provider->register();
}
return $provider;
}
public function registers(array $providers): array
{
return array_map(function ($provider) {
return $this->register($provider);
}, $providers);
}
public function boot(): void
{
array_walk($this->providers, function (Provider $provider) {
if (!$provider->booted && method_exists($provider, 'boot')) {
$this->app->call('boot', [], $provider);
$provider->booted = true;
}
});
}
}
其实看起来复杂,不过 ProviderManager
做的事情也很简单。
首先利用 Class
创建对应 Provider
实例,然后将 Provider
添加到 ProviderManager
的 Provider
数组中,最后判断有没有 register
方法,如果有则执行该方法。
有了注册,那么还需要一个启动:
<?php
namespace App\Bootstrap;
class BootProviders extends Bootstrap
{
public function boot(): void
{
$this->app->getProviderManager()->boot();
}
}
<?php
namespace App\Bootstrap;
class BootProviders extends Bootstrap
{
public function boot(): void
{
$this->app->getProviderManager()->boot();
}
}
在 BootProviders
中 boot
方法会从服务容器中取得 ProviderManager
,然后调用其 boot
方法,依次执行 Provider
的 boot
方法。
结语
到这里 Provider 的部分就说完了。现在也放假了,PHP 微框架的文章会逐步更新。不过最近还是比较忙的,更新速度会慢一点。?
从零实现一个 PHP 微框架 - 服务提供者
https://blog.ixk.me/post/implement-a-php-microframework-from-zero-5许可协议
BY-NC-SA
本文作者
Otstar Lin
发布于
2020/07/10
转载或引用本文时请遵守许可协议,注明出处、不得用于商业用途!